.30-30 Winchester for Moose Hunting? Best Ammo (Round, Load, Cartridge) for a Successful Moose Hunt
- Hunting Calibers
- 04 Apr, 2020
Is the .30-30 Winchester a viable caliber/load/round/cartridge for moose hunting? The accurate answer is “it depends”. However, the goal of this article is simply to address the question of whether the .30-30 Winchester is within the ideal range of suitable calibers to harvest moose.
As with anything, the devil is in the details. To answer the question completely, we would need to evaluate the downrange distance to the moose, the bullet type, the grain weight of the bullet, the physical condition of the firearm, the size of the moose in question, the shot placement, the local wind conditions, the expected accuracy of the shooter, the ethics of the ideal maximum number of shots – the list goes on.
What we can do is provide a framework to understand what average conditions might look like, and whether those are reasonably viable for a shot from the average shooter to harvest a moose in the fewest number of shots possible, i.e., ethically.
Let’s dive right in. In the question of “Is the .30-30 Winchester within the ideal range of suitable calibers for moose hunting?” our answer is:
No, the .30-30 Winchester is UNDERKILL for moose hunting, under average conditions, from a mid-range distance, with a medium grain expanding bullet, and with correct shot placement.
Let’s look at those assumptions a bit closer in the following table.
| Assumption | Value |
|---|---|
| Caliber | .30-30 Winchester |
| Animal Species | Moose |
| Muzzle Energy | 1890 foot-pounds |
| Animal Weight | 1200 lbs |
| Shot Distance | 200 yards |
What is the average muzzle energy for a .30-30 Winchester? In this case, we have assumed the average muzzle energy for a .30-30 Winchester round is approximately 1890 foot-pounds.
What is the average weight of an adult male moose? Here we have leaned conservative by taking the average weight of a male individual of the species, since females generally weigh less and require less stopping power. In this case, the average weight of an adult male moose is approximately 1200 lbs.
What is the distance this species is typically hunted from? Distance, of course, plays an important role in the viability of a given caliber in moose hunting. The kinetic energy of the projectile drops dramatically the further downrange it travels primarily due to energy lost in the form of heat generated by friction against the air itself. This phenonemon is known as drag or air resistance. Thus, a caliber that is effective from 50 yards may not have enough stopping power from 200 yards. With that said, we have assumed the average hunting distance for moose to be approximately 200 yards.
What about the other assumptions? We have three other primary assumptions being made here. First, the average bullet weight is encapsulated in the average muzzle energy for the .30-30 Winchester. The second important assumption is ‘slightly-suboptimal’ to ‘optimal’ shot placement. That is to say, we assume the moose being harvested is shot directly or nearly directly in the vitals (heart and/or lungs). The third assumption is that a projectile with appropriate terminal ballistics is being used, which for hunting usually means an expanding bullet.
Various calibers
A common thread you may encounter in online forums is anecdote after anecdote of large animals being brought down by small caliber bullets, or small animals surviving large caliber bullets. Of course those stories exist, and they are not disputed here. A 22LR cartridge can fell a bull elephant under the right conditions, and a newborn squirrel can survive a 50 BMG round under other specific conditions.
Again, the goal of this article is simply to address the question of whether .30-30 Winchester is within the ideal range of suitable calibers to harvest moose - and to this question, the response again is no, the .30-30 Winchester is UNDERKILL for moose hunting.
This article does not serve as the final say, but simply as a starting point for beginner hunters, as well as a venue for further discussion. Please feel free to agree, disagree, and share stories from your own experience in the comments section below.
Disclaimer: the information above is purely for illustrative purposes and should not be taken as permission to use a particular caliber, a statement of the legality or safety of using certain calibers, or legal advice in any way. You must read and understand your own local laws before hunting moose to know whether your caliber of choice is a legal option.
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1 Comments
I have to take broad exception to this “expert” opinion piece. Hunting and living in Newfoundland and Labrador, my father only ever owned a 1957 Mod 94 .30-.30. He took down more moose than I can remember, with stock ammunition and in all types of terrain and weather with this rifle. His mantra was; be a good enough hunter to get close enough to your game to ensure a two bullet kill (one to down and one to ensure) before sighting on a moose. In turn, I used this same rifle to down my first bull moose which “dressed” 650 pounds of meat. A properly placed shot that I took at approximately 250 yards in a clearing. Your article seems to advocate for larger calibers that would excuse the lack of ability of the hunter to get close enough to ensure a kill with a smaller caliber. Shouldn’t the opposite be true? Shouldn’t someone purporting themselves to be offering an “expert” opinion on the subject of hunting calibers be more inclined to encourage better skill sets in the field and encourage people to hone their hunting skills for in-close shots? This would a) limit long shot misses, b) potential danger from over-kill heavy calibers at close range, and c) practically guarantee a kill/recovery of meat as opposed to losing an animal because of poor tracking skills (or interest) hit with a heavy caliber at maximum distance. Be a hunter……..not a sniper.